For inexperienced gardeners or those who have to grow tomatoes in difficult conditions, low-growing varieties are suitable. The most striking representative of undersized tomato varieties is the Mongolian dwarf.
The origin of the Mongolian dwarf
It is believed that this variety of tomatoes was bred by Russian breeders from Novosibirsk. At the moment, it is not yet listed in the state register of breeding plants. Related to this is that its seeds are not so easy to acquire. However, many specialized Internet resources and vegetable markets sell such seeds.
Mongolian dwarf undemanding plant. It can grow in the northern regions from late spring to early autumn, as well as in arid regions.
Tomatoes "Mongolian dwarf" the lowest
Tomato seeds "Mongolian dwarf" is difficult to purchase
Mongolian dwarf tomatoes can reach a weight of 200 g
Description and characteristics of undersized tomato
Before choosing this variety for planting at its summer cottage, it is necessary to understand its characteristics and features. We will discuss this further.
Appearance
At the moment, this is the shortest tomato. The height of the bush does not exceed 30 cm, which does not adversely affect the size of the fruits.
The bush spread along the ground, forming new stepsons. As a result, the width of the bush can reach 1 meter or more. The leaves are narrow with a strong edge. On the bush, there are many small leaves.
The stems are thin and fragile. The root system is shallow, but it is sufficient to hold the bush during strong winds. The fruits are collected in a brush.
The main qualities of the fruit
Despite the fact that the bushes are low, the fruits of the Mongolian dwarf weigh up to 200 grams, which is a good indicator. The variety is early ripe, so the fruits are not affected by late blight with proper care.
Bright red fruits are dense, but juicy inside. The taste is not much different from ordinary tomatoes. We can say that the taste is standard "tomato". From the bush you can collect up to 10 kg of high-quality tomatoes.
Advantages and disadvantages
As practice shows, the Mongolian dwarf grows well in the eastern and southeastern regions of Russia, where the summer is short. However, before deciding to land in a particular area, it is best to familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of this variety. Let's start with the pros:
- high yield of the bush;
- no need to tie and pinch;
- there is no need to create special conditions for growing; it can grow in a greenhouse on a bed in the open air - the variety is universal, resistant to temperature differences;
- does not like excess moisture;
- bears fruit until late autumn;
- due to its early maturity, the dwarf is slightly susceptible to late blight;
- low bushes withstand strong winds and do not break.
Any grade has flaws. Although the Mongolian dwarf has few of them, they are still available:
- grows poorly in acidic and heavy soils, as well as in areas with a humid and hot climate;
- the initial phase of growth is very long. At first, the plant does not give growth species, and then rapid growth begins in breadth;
- This variety is not yet in the state registers, so you can’t buy it in the nearest store with seeds.
Features, differences from other varieties
It’s easy to distinguish a Mongolian dwarf from other tomatoes. The height of the bush cannot exceed 50 cm. The main trunk, reaching a height of 20 cm, begins to bend down sharply, which is a specific feature of the variety. From the main trunk stepchildren grow, which also spread along the ground.
This variety can tolerate a prolonged lack of watering, but do not abuse it. Before planting, the soil is mulched. In addition, as noted earlier, harvesting can be carried out until late autumn, when the first frost sets in.
Fruits are slightly susceptible to spoilage, even lying on the ground covered with leaves, they retain their properties for a long time, do not crack and do not rot.
Features of growing and planting an early species
The dwarf was originally intended for cultivation in the eastern regions of Russia, but as practice has shown, due to its unpretentiousness, the Mongolian dwarf has also been successfully cultivated in other regions. It is not recommended to plant this variety in areas with high humidity. The growing technology is not much different from the growing technology of other varieties.
Seedling and seedling method of growing
Variety "Mongolian dwarf" is grown seedlings and seeds. The seedless method is used in the southern regions of the country. 5-6 seeds are placed in the pit. After the appearance of 2-3 leaves, the earth is broken through. Then leave only strong plants.
In places with more severe conditions, seedlings are used. Seeds germinate in a pot or greenhouse at home. Seeds are sown so early that in May to plant a bush in the garden at the beginning of flowering, and by the end of June to get the first crop.
Use slightly acidic sandy soil. Such land is sold in stores for gardeners. Suitable land for nightshade or any vegetable crops. Also, such land can be fertilized independently.
To harvest a good crop, you should follow a series of recommendations:
- from autumn, beds for planting tomatoes need to be carefully plowed;
- per 1 square meter in early spring is added: 50 g of superphosphate, 20 g of ammonium sulfate, 25 g of potassium salt;
- pre-process the seeds;
- to plant seedlings and grow them according to the recommendations;
- to properly care for tomato bushes.
Preparing and planting seeds
Before sowing the seeds must be processed. First you need to pay attention to the expiration date of the seeds. The Mongolian dwarf has a shelf life of 2 years.
Calibrate the seeds and treat with a disinfectant solution. As such a solution, a mixture of aloe juice and 1% potassium permanganate is suitable. Next, pre-soaking and germination are carried out.
Rules for planting and seedling care
The process of sowing seeds for seedlings consists of several stages:
- earth is poured into the container, which is previously disinfected;
- make grooves or holes with a depth of about 1 cm. If seeds were germinated in advance, then holes and grooves need to be watered;
- sow seeds in previously created recesses with a distance of 1-2 cm;
- sprinkled with earth and watered;
- a container with soil and seeds is covered with polyethylene and put in a warm place (25-30 degrees) until emergence. Usually the first shoots appear after 5-6 days.
Perhaps our other article will be useful to you - "How to grow tomato seedlings: useful recommendations."
Watering should be done with warm, previously settled water as the earth dries. When 2-3 leaves appear, the plant is transplanted into separate pots. Seedlings are planted in the beds, the age of which is from 45 to 60 days. Usually, such seedlings already have 7-8 leaves.
Rules for planting seedlings in open ground
Landing is carried out in a place well-lit by the sun, protected from the winds. A week before planting seedlings, beds prepared in the fall are treated with magnesium sulfate and fertilizers are added. It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:
- plant seedlings in 2 rows, leaving a distance of 50-60 cm between plants and rows;
- seedlings are planted 2-3 cm deeper than it grew in containers;
- before planting and after pour the earth with water at room temperature;
- 3 days after planting, water the seedlings again;
- plant in the place of dead sprouts;
- it is necessary to mulch the holes with straw;
- This variety does not require tying, but pegs can be installed.
Landing in the greenhouse
Mongolian dwarf, as a rule, is grown in open space. Those who want to grow it in a greenhouse can do this, but it is important to remember that the yield directly depends on good ventilation. This is due to the fact that this variety does not like increased moisture and the crop may simply die from its oversupply.
The greenhouse will need to be opened on warm days, because an excess of heat also negatively affects the productivity of the dwarf. This must be taken into account if other varieties grow in the greenhouse, which on the contrary need a lot of heat and moisture.
It does not make sense to occupy the entire greenhouse only with the Mongolian dwarf. In addition, the beds in the greenhouse should be wide enough, because bushes of this variety spread along the ground. Otherwise, growing a Mongolian dwarf in a greenhouse is no different from growing other varieties of tomatoes. It is only necessary to adhere to the recommendations mentioned above.
Expert Advice
It is not at all difficult to take care of the seedlings of the Mongolian dwarf, but it is recommended to adhere to certain recommendations:
- 10 days after planting, it is necessary to water with a 2% solution of potassium permanganate to prevent infection with late blight;
- beds should be made slightly higher than for other tomato varieties, i.e. the Mongolian dwarf will spread along the ground, otherwise higher beds will reduce the pollution of stems and leaves by the ground;
- water the plant should be moderate, because the dwarf does not like abundant moisture;
- Experienced growers recommend placing a black film or plank under the tomatoes to reduce the likelihood of fruit damage by soil pests.
Mongolian Dwarf Care Technology
Care of the bushes is reduced to weeding, top dressing, watering and loosening the soil. Most often water the tomato bushes, it is necessary during the flowering period of the bushes of the Mongolian dwarf. The optimal watering regime is once every 5-7 days, as needed. However, you do not need to fill the plant with water too much, because this variety does not like increased moisture.
Top dressing and their quantity
It should be limited to top dressing at the roots, because it is advisable not to wet the tomato leaves once again. Before feeding, the bushes are watered. Feeding is done, observing the following schedule:
- the first is carried out 2 weeks after planting in the garden;
- the next time the plant is fed before the appearance of the fruit;
- the third is carried out after 2 weeks.
Fertilizers are diluted in 10 liters of water:
- ammonium nitrate 20 g;
- phosphorus fertilizers 80 g;
- potash fertilizer 50 g.
To increase the yield, you can use the following additives:
- Dissolve 0.5 manure in a bucket of water.
- 0.5 liters of manure infusion, 2 tablespoons of phosphorus-containing fertilizers, 1 tablespoon of potash fertilizers are diluted in 10 liters of water. Phosphorus-containing fertilizers are soaked in advance, i.e. it does not dissolve well.
- 0.5 liters of manure, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate, 7 grams of boric acid add to 10 liters of water. 1.5 liters of the finished solution is applied to each plant.
- The solution with ash is also very popular. 200 g of ash per 10 liters. Insisted 2 days. Such top dressing will hold back many trace elements.
- You can use ready-made supplements sold in stores.
- Recently, "green dressing" has become popular. For 200 liters of water, 1 kg of ash, 0.5 kg of manure, 2 liters of whey, 100 g of yeast and fresh grass are taken. The liquid should completely cover the greens. The contents are mixed daily for 2 weeks. When the fertilizer is ready, grass is placed under each plant during mulching, and the liquid used for watering is 0.5 l per bush. Instead of yeast, sugar can be used. Take 150 g of sugar in 3 liters of water and incubated for 3 days. This mash is added instead of baking yeast.
Manure is used cow or chicken. It is better to feed before sunrise or after sunset, otherwise fertilizers can dry. If tomatoes grow in a greenhouse, then the bushes are fed until sunrise and after feeding the greenhouse should be aired.
Harvesting and storage
The fruits can be removed from May to October, until the first frost. The first crop is removed in a state of milk ripeness. Such a crop ripens in the heat. The largest tomato crop is in August. The fruits are well preserved on the ground, even if they lie for a long time, but experienced gardeners do not recommend overexposing the fruits to avoid diseases and accelerate the ripening of new tomatoes. Fruits are stored as standard.
Reviews
Valentina Vasilievna, 65 years old, pensioner, Moscow region Last year, she planted a Mongolian dwarf in a greenhouse for testing. He did not get the best place, by the north wall in the shade. She didn’t take special care of him. I was very surprised when I gathered a worthy crop from his bushes. The fruits were weighing 120-150 grams. At first they were sour, but after lying down a bit they became sweeter. Very tenacious variety. Recommend.
Angelina Mikhailovna, 58 years old, summer resident, Chelyabinsk. I really liked the dwarf. Last year, I planted it for the first time and decided that I would plant it again next. He has a small bush, you can plant among other high varieties. Tomatoes grew delicious and beautiful in color.
Alexey, 37, dentist, Belozerka. This variety is very tenacious. It always grows well with me, because I use my material for planting, collected in the fall. Fertilize with nitrogen and never stepson. The yields are decent.
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The Mongolian dwarf is an ideal choice for beginner gardeners, as it is very simple to grow. This variety is unpretentious, the crop can be harvested from May to October, while the taste of its fruits is not inferior to other varieties. However, experienced gardeners will also like it. This variety is well suited for cultivation in areas that are unsuitable for other varieties.