Kyrgyz winter pear is a winter early variety, priceless for regions with difficult climatic conditions. This hardy plant easily adapts to the local climate, and its fruits are distinguished by high commercial qualities.
The grade is frost-resistant and resistant to scab
The Kyrgyz winter pear has ovoid or lemon-shaped fruits
Variety breeding history
Variety bred in Kyrgyzstan. Breeders, introducing the Kyrgyz winter pear, sought to create a variety that would bear fruit in the most adverse conditions. The source material for the work on the new pear was two varieties - Winter Bere and Forest Beauty.
Learn more about the best varieties of pears from another article on our site.
Description and characteristics of the Kyrgyz winter pear
This winter variety is ready for harvest only in the first decade of October. Pears, ripening, do not fall, firmly hold on the branches.
Variety Description:
- Wood. The medium-sized tree has a thick, pyramidal-shaped crown. Crohn perfectly lends itself to planar formation. Fetal formations are mainly in the glove.
- Fruit. Pears are shaped like eggs or lemons. When picked, they are green-yellow, and when fully ripened, they are golden-yellow. On the sides - a red-carmine blush, thanks to which the fruits have an aesthetically attractive, elegant look. The creamy, yellowish pulp has a dense, coarse-grained structure. The taste is sweet, slightly tart.
The main characteristics of the variety Kirghiz winter - in table 1.
Table 1
Specifications | Parameters |
Productivity, t / ha | 500-600 |
Early maturity | 3-4 years after disembarkation |
The mass of fruits, g | 220-250 |
Disease resistance | scab, thermal burns, powdery mildew and bacterial cancer |
Transportability | good |
Winter hardiness | high |
Suitable pollinators | Emerald, Talgar beauty, Golden, Zest of Crimea |
How to choose a seedling?
It is recommended to buy seedlings for planting in nurseries of fruit trees or in stores specializing in the sale of planting materials.
In order for a healthy, full-fledged tree to grow in the garden in a few years, you need to buy healthy, high-quality seedlings. When choosing them, pay attention to:
- External characteristics - the seedling should be absolutely fresh, without the slightest sign of lethargy.
- Product marking - the seedling must have a label on which the variety and the growing zone are indicated.
- Root system - it should have 5 main and 3 additional roots. The minimum root length is 30 cm. The roots should be light, not rotten and without growths.
- Age - Saplings 2 years old are considered the best option.
Preparation and landing
In order to create the Kyrgyz winter pear the optimal conditions for development and fruiting, it is necessary to observe agricultural technology at every stage of the tree's life. And you need to start with the right choice and preparation of the site.
Choosing a landing place
Requirements for the site for planting seedlings of the Kyrgyz winter pear:
- Good lighting. The variety is able to grow in semi-shady places, but will not bear fruit.
- Elevation. The tree grows better in areas where groundwater lies deep enough - this will prevent root decay. The length of the roots of the pear reaches 8 m, therefore, it is recommended to grow it on the slopes and hills.
- Soil with loam under the fertile layer. Pears do not grow well on sandy and heavy soils.
- Protection from the winds. It is desirable that from the sides of the prevailing winds there should be a landing, a wall, another obstacle.
- Recommended landing side is west and southwest.
Before planting pears, the soil is checked for acidity, and if it exceeds the norm, liming is carried out.
Landing time
There are two options for planting pear seedlings - in spring and autumn. The choice of planting time depends on the personal preferences of the gardener, as well as on objective factors.
In harsh climates, most gardeners choose spring to plant any fruit trees. In regions with a short summer, winter comes so early that a seedling planted in the fall may simply not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather.
Benefits of spring planting:
- A pit for planting is prepared in the fall, and when it is time to plant a seedling, it is in perfect condition to receive a young tree.
- The soil is filled with moisture after the snow melts, so optimal comfort is created for the seedlings.
- During the spring-summer season, the young tree is gaining strength, preparing for wintering. During this time, the gardener has the opportunity to adjust the conditions of growth and development.
Recommended spring planting dates:
- in areas with risky farming, planting anything earlier than May is not recommended;
- in the Volga region, seedlings plant in the first half of April - before the onset of heat;
- in the middle lane - in the second half of April or in the first half of May.
Less spring planting - the seedling will have to take root and begin the vegetative cycle at the same time. The choice of the exact landing dates depends on the specific features of the region.
Autumn planting is practiced in the southern regions, where mild winters are replacing warm autumn. The advantage of autumn planting over spring in warm regions is the elimination of the risk of burnout of seedlings that have not had time to take root.
Dates of autumn planting:
- in the southern regions - the first half of October;
- in the suburbs - the second half of September - early October;
- in regions with a more extreme climate - until October.
If you got seedlings in late autumn, it is better to keep them until spring. To do this, they dig a trench, put seedlings in it - at an angle, throw it with earth, then peat, foliage and cover with a non-woven cloth. In this shelter, the seedlings will sit out the most severe frosts, and in the spring they are transplanted to a permanent place.
Site preparation
To seedlings quickly rooted in a new place, they create the most comfortable conditions. Stages of site preparation:
- Pit. If there is an autumn planting, the pit is prepared a month before the seedling is planted; if it is spring, a pit is prepared from the autumn. The depth of the pit takes into account the age of the seedlings. For one-year-olds, they dig a pit 0.5 m deep, for two-year-olds - 0.7 m. The diameter of the pit is selected taking into account the spreading of the roots - it should be comfortable in the pit.
- Support. A reliable support is needed for a seedling, which will protect it from the sun - it is not in vain that it is placed on the south side, and from the winds. A wooden peg serves as a support. Its height from ground level is 0.5 m.
- Fertilizers Superphosphate and ammonium nitrate are poured at the bottom of the pit. In total - 2 kg, if granular fertilizers - 1 kg. Organic fertilizers contribute 10 kg. If the soil is sandy, add 1/2 bucket of peat. Fertile soil is poured on top of the fertilizer - the seedling roots should not be in contact with the fertilizer.
It is impossible to make fertilizers above the norm - so as not to burn the roots of the seedling. A young tree may die as a result of a burn.
Step-by-step landing instructions
Planting seedlings is best done with an assistant. It is necessary to hold the tree strictly upright during the manipulations - this requires a second person.
Stepping pear:
- Having cut off the main roots with secateurs, they are immersed in a liquid clay mash. So that the roots are saturated with the solution, just hold them there for several minutes.
- A hillock is made in the center of the pit, a seedling is placed in it - on the north side of the support.
- Distribute the roots evenly over the soil hill. The roots should not bend or break, they should be directed down.
- The roots are covered with soil and gently rammed. Pouring the earth, the seedling is shaken every time - without changing its vertical position. Shaking helps eliminate voids between the roots. The vaccination point should be 4 cm above the ground.
- Planted seedling watered. Water is poured so that the soil is completely saturated. As it moistens, the tree drops - the root neck is on the same level with the soil.
- The seedling is cut to 80 cm - to form a crown on a well-ripened bud. The processes that are available at a height of up to 50 cm - they are removed.
- The seedling is tied to a support - a soft and durable material. Mulch is poured into the trunk circle - it will help maintain moisture in the soil.
Tree care
In order for the Kyrgyz winter pear to please its owners with plentiful harvests, it is necessary to timely carry out a set of seasonal works:
- take care of the soil;
- to fertilize;
- to form a crown and carry out sanitary pruning;
- spray the tree with insecticides and fungicides, carry out a set of preventive measures;
- Preparing trees for the winter.
Soil care
Simple agricultural activities can significantly affect the quality of life of a tree. As part of soil care, the following activities are recommended:
- Loosening. In the morning, after watering, the soil is loosened so that oxygen enters the roots. Simultaneously with loosening, weeds are removed from the trunk circle.
- Mulching. To delay the evaporation of moisture, the soil around the trunk is mulched. Suitable mulch - sawdust, peat. Layer thickness - up to 10 cm.
Features of feeding the Kyrgyz winter pear
Large yields of pears without top dressing can not wait. The lack of at least one vital element - potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, immediately affects the well-being of the tree.
Signs of nutritional deficiencies:
- Potassium - low growth of shoots per year.
- Nitrogen - yellowing of leaves, shedding of fruit that has begun to grow, cessation of tree growth.
- Phosphorus - inactive formation of fruit buds and, as a consequence, the absence of fruits.
Young trees need only nitrogen fertilizers, and seedlings do not feed for two years after planting.
70% of the total annual fertilizer is applied in the spring. The time and norms of fertilizing under a pear tree are shown in table 2.
table 2
Fertilizer application time | Fertilizer | Note |
Spring, kidney swelling | Urea / nitrate / chicken droppings. | To improve root nutrition. Urea - 30 g per 1 square. m, dissolve 1:50. Saltpeter is bred - 600 g per 10 liters. Litter bred 1:20. |
Spring after flowering | Mineral fertilizer "Nitroammofoska" (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium). | To accelerate the growing season (60 g in 3 buckets). |
Summer | At the end of June, foliar treatment with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, after a month - repeat, after 2 weeks - the introduction of phosphorus-potassium additives. | To improve the quality of the fruit. |
Fall | In the first half of September - spraying with a solution of urea, the introduction of liquid mineral fertilizers, feeding with ash. | An example of a solution is potassium chloride (1 tbsp.), Superphosphate (2 tbsp.). The application rate of ash is 130 g per 1 sq. Km. m |
Fertilizer rates for feeding pears, taking into account the age of the tree - in table 3.
Table 3
Tree age | Organics, kg | Nitrogen, g | Phosphorus, g | Potassium g |
Young, before fruiting | — | 6 | — | — |
Young, the beginning of fruiting | 1 | 9 | 6 | 9 |
Adult, full fruiting | 1,5 | 12 | 9 | 12 |
Adult years with a rich harvest | 2 | 15 | 12 | 15 |
Spraying
The success of pest and disease control depends on the timeliness of processing and the effectiveness of the drugs. The first spraying is carried out early in the spring - together with top dressing carried out on a bare tree. If the buds have already swollen on the tree, then the urea solution can burn them, so it is recommended to use biological products - Akarin, Fitoverm and others.
Autumn spraying is aimed at combating larvae hiding in the soil and tree bark. The plant itself, as well as the soil adjacent to the trunk, is sprayed with Nitrofen and Bordeaux liquid 1%.
Table 4 shows the dates and preparations for spraying pears from pests.
Table 4
Pests | Time of processing | Preparations |
Thistle and aphids | in spring, before budding | DNOC 40%, Nitrafen 40% Yu BI-58 |
after the appearance of leaves | Metaphos, Fozalon | |
Gall mite | during kidney swelling | Nitrafen |
after flowering | Karbofos | |
Leaflet | before budding | Nitrafen |
at the beginning of budding | Fozalon, Chlorfos | |
Multiflorum pear | during the caterpillar invasion | Kemifos, Fufanon, Karbofos |
Moth | a month after flowering | Karbofos, Decis |
Diseases affecting the pear and other fruit trees can not only deprive their owners of the crop, but also destroy the trees. To prevent disease, apply preventative treatment of trees. Table 5 shows the dates and preparations for spraying pears from diseases.
Table 5
Name | Disease | How to cook? | When to apply? |
Bordeaux mixture 1% | scab, spotting, rust, moniliosis | per 10 l of water - 200 g | before and after flowering, then with an interval of 10-15 days |
Bordeaux mixture 3% | scab, spotting, moniliosis | per 1.7 l of water - 100 g | before budding and during budding |
Urea | spotting, scab | per 10 l of water - 700 g | before budding |
Blue vitriol | scab, spotting, moniliosis, desiccation, phylosticiasis | per 10 l of water - 100 g | before budding |
inkstone | fungus, lichens | per 10 l of water - 500 g | before budding |
Gentamicin | bacterial burn | 5 l - 1-2 tablets | in May-June |
Colloidal sulfur | powdery mildew, scab | per 10 l of water - 80 g | when the symptoms of the disease appear (a total of 5 sprays are carried out with an interval of 1-2 weeks) |
Watering
The seedling does not need watering for 10 days after planting in the ground. Features of pear watering:
- Seedlings are watered every 8-10 days.
- The norm of water per one young tree is 15 liters.
- Mature trees are watered every two weeks.
- The norm of water for an adult tree is 30 liters.
- Watering stops as soon as the fruits begin to ripen. Renew hydration only after harvest.
- The best time to water fruit trees is in the evening.
With the age of the pear, the number of irrigations decreases, but the water norm grows - the older the trees, the more abundant the irrigation.
Cropping and shaping the crown
The most convenient type of crown for harvesting is the pyramidal. To form a crown in the shape of a pyramid, you need to trim the pear starting from the second year of life.
Pear tree pruning principles:
- Having determined which branches of the seedling will be skeletal, cut off all the others. This pruning is done immediately after planting. The main conductor is also cut to 1/4 length. Under the first tier - shoots are removed.
- In the spring of the second year of life, the trunk is shortened by 20 cm. Skeletal branches are cut - by 5 cm, no more. They are pulled back with twine so as to get a fit to the trunk - 60 degrees. Leave on the main branches for 2 shoots for fruiting.
- Every year, in the spring - sanitary pruning. Competitive branches are deleted. Cut vertical branches directed into the crown, damaged. Remove a third of annual growth.
- Every year, in the fall - pruning of dry, broken and diseased branches.
Slices of a large area must be treated with garden varieties - in order to avoid infection.
When cutting a pear, they use a stepladder, as the branches of the tree are fragile and can break under load.
Preparing for winter and protecting against rodents
Winter Kyrgyz is a frost-resistant variety that does not require warming. But the bark is a tasty dish for hares and rodents. To protect the tree from animal encroachment, its trunk is wrapped with fabric - up to 1 m in height. The fabric is impregnated with a repellent compound before use.
Young trees, unlike adults, are covered with fir spruce for winter. Around the spruce wrap burlap. This will protect young animals from animals and from the cold. An earthen hill is built around the trunk, which is mulched, scattering straw or peat with a layer of 15 cm. When snow falls, a snowdrift is formed near the trunk.
Harvesting, storage and transportability
Kyrgyz winter pear refers to winter varieties that have good keeping quality and transportability. Gather fruit in early October.Torn fruits are green and hard, they will be ready for use only after 2-3 months. And stored - 6-8 months.
In order for pears to maintain their taste and marketability, they need to create the appropriate conditions:
- humidity - 85%;
- temperature - 0-1 ° C;
- container - containers of natural materials;
- laying pattern - in a checkerboard pattern or diagonal method;
- at the bottom of the containers - shavings or paper.
Kyrgyz Pear Reviews
Portnov V.I., Moscow Region. The Kyrgyz pear does not cause any complaints. Thanks to this variety, I always have a supply of delicious pears - if properly packaged and create favorable conditions, they remain until April. The fruits ripen gradually, they are not only tasty, but also extremely beautiful - they have an interesting shape, similar to a lemon, and rosy sides. Unlike many pears, this variety is very resistant to scab.
Artyom R., Belgorod Region I grow up “Kyrgyz” for sale. An ideal variety for trade - fruiting stably, transported well, lies all winter, does not deteriorate. Demand for this variety is constant - especially on New Year's holidays. Since January, pears "get fatter" - grease appears on the surface, which, apparently, helps them to lie until spring. Consumers like pears - sweet, juicy, fragrant. Great commercial grade.
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By planting a Kyrgyz winter pear, you will have delicious winter pears stored until April each year. The variety is easy to care for, unpretentious, harvestable and hardy, and most importantly it bears fruit in harsh climates.
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