Grapes Talisman is a table variety widely used in amateur and industrial viticulture. In this white-green variety, breeders sought to realize the maximum of qualities valued in grapes. We learn what is interesting about the Talisman, and how to grow it correctly?
grape variety "Talisman"
variety "Talisman" has the most important advantage - beautiful and sweet berries
“Talisman” grapes possesses stable immunity, high productivity and signs of large-fruited
How did the variety come about?
Variety Talisman received by domestic breeders who crossed grapes "Delight" with "White Beauty". A variety was created in the Novocherkassk Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking. Year of cultivation - 1990
Working on the Talisman, breeders sought to create a large-fruited variety with high immunity and productivity. "Delight", and later the "Talisman" became the basis for the cultivation of new grape varieties for amateur gardening.
Botanical description of grapes
The Talisman grapes have powerful bushes with a large number of fruiting shoots. 1-2 clusters are left on each shoot. Excess clusters are cut off - this prevents breaking off branches and fading berries. On one bush, it is desirable to maintain the number of eyes at the level of 24-32 pieces.
Peduncles
The Talisman has only female peduncles, therefore, for fruiting it needs pollinators with male or universal peduncles. In order for the variety to be pollinated, it is enough to plant two grape bushes with flowers of both sexes nearby.
Brushes
The clusters of the Talisman are large. The average weight of one brush is 0.8 kg. The maximum is 1.5-2 kg. The size of the bunches is influenced by agricultural technology - watering, top dressing, etc.
Characteristics and features of brushes:
- the shape is conical;
- dense or slightly loose;
- with incomplete pollination of peduncles on the hands, bare areas appear that spoil the presentation of the brushes - they become unsuitable for sale.
Berries
The fruits of the Talisman are large, their weight reaches 20 g. Other features of the berries:
- the shape is oval;
- average weight - 12-15 g;
- diameter - 3.5 cm;
- color - pale green, with an amber tint and a waxy coating;
- pulp - soft elastic;
- the berries on which the sun falls turn yellow;
- the skin is dense and thin.
Among winegrowers, the Talisman is also known as Kesha-1, Kesha-2, super-Kesha and Kesha Muscat.
Mascot Characteristics
Features and characteristics of the variety Talisman:
- Ripening dates. The variety is mid-early. 140 days pass from the beginning of the growing season to the appearance of ripe berries. The exact timing depends on the region - in the south, ripening occurs 20 days earlier, in the north - 20 days later. In the middle lane, the Talisman ripens in early September.
- Fruiting. The variety is characterized by rapid growth - the first crop is harvested 2 years after the planting of annual seedlings. Clusters, ripening, hang, without losing taste, until the frost.
- Reproduction. Cuttings and vaccinations. It is highly rooted.
- Frost resistance. It tolerates Russian winters and can withstand frosts to minus 25 ° C. Needs winter shelter.
- Taste. The berries have a nutmeg aftertaste and aroma - but they are present only in fully ripened berries. There is a lot of juice in the pulp. Sugar content - 24%.
- Disease resistance. Resistant to the most dangerous diseases of grapes - gray rot, oidium, mildew.
- Marketability. The variety is commercial. It has excellent external and taste characteristics, it is easily transported over short distances, the clusters do not crumble, and the berries do not crack. Bunches are stored in refrigerators at + 8 ° C for 4-6 months.
The video below presents an overview of the Talisman grape variety:
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The talisman is more likely to grow summer residents for the following advantages:
- large-fruited;
- large clusters;
- excellent taste with the aroma of nutmeg;
- well transported;
- well rooted cuttings;
- excellent presentation of bunches;
- high immunity to diseases;
- high frost resistance;
- high productivity;
- good adaptive abilities - easily takes root in different climates.
Today, the variety is losing ground, giving way in many characteristics to new grape varieties. The decline in gardeners' interest in the Talisman was also affected by its shortcomings:
- the need for pollinators;
- rationing of the crop by trimming excess inflorescences - so that the branches do not break off under the weight of bunches;
- berries are eaten by birds, wasps and hornets;
- you have to prune the vine - too strong shoot growth;
- the need for large areas of food;
- need trellis ruggedized.
Landing Features
The agricultural technology of the Talisman is standard - it is also grown as ordinary varieties of modern table grapes. The main thing is to take into account the size of the bushes - they are very large at the Talisman, and leave them enough space for growth. From grapes to neighboring plantations should remain at least 3 m.
Choosing a landing place
Recommendations for choosing a site:
- The best soils are chernozems, but on other soils the variety grows well if they are fertilized with organic and mineral fertilizers. It is not recommended to plant grapes in lowlands, in marshy and uneven areas, wherever water stagnates. Excess moisture causes root decay.
- If the soil is highly acidic, it must be neutralized with wood ash.
- The plot is located on the south or south-west side - so that the grapes receive maximum heat and light. Grapes should be planted in the sunniest place.
- There should be no drafts or piercing winds on the site. It is recommended to plant grapes so that from the north it is protected by walls or plantings.
- The groundwater level should not be less than 2.5 m from the surface of the earth.
The mascot grows in different climatic zones, but the main condition for its productivity is heat and light. This variety maximizes its capabilities in hot and sunny summers.
Soil preparation
Grapes are planted in spring or autumn. In any case, pits for landing are prepared in advance. If planting occurs in the spring, then pits are dug in the fall, for autumn planting - 2-3 weeks before planting seedlings.
Under grape seedlings, they dig holes in the form of a cube with a side of 70-80 cm. Pits are filled to half with soil mixture. To prepare the soil mixture, the upper fertile layer is mixed with:
- rotted manure - 2 buckets;
- ash - 2 buckets;
- superphosphate - 300 g.
Crushed stone or pebbles are laid at the bottom of the pit - this will be a drainage layer that protects the root system from excess moisture. In the landing pit, you can install the tube - through it in the future it will be possible to water the roots.
Bushes planting scheme
The scheme of planting seedlings takes into account the characteristics of the variety Talisman. Between its large bushes, planted in a row, leave spaces of 4 m. This place is just enough for the growth of shoots and for the development of roots.
If the soil does not differ in special fertility, then the distance between the bushes is increased to 4.5-5 m. This will increase the feeding area of the bushes. When planting grapes in rows, it is advisable to observe intervals between bushes of 5-6 m.
Magpies and auspicious days
It is believed that the optimal time for planting grapes Talisman - mid-autumn. But you can do this in the spring. There is no special difference between spring and autumn planting. Usually, the timing of planting depends on when the seedlings were purchased.
The timing of planting is also affected by the characteristics of planting material:
- Early spring. At the end of March, it is customary to plant "sleeping" seedlings, plant grafts and propagate grapes with branches.
- Mid spring. In April, it is time to plant green seedlings and plant green-to-green cuttings.
Features of different landing dates:
- Spring planting. Allows seedlings to easily adapt to a new place, to take root and grow well. In the first winter, such seedlings come in strong, they have every chance to safely survive the cold.
- Autumn planting. It is most often used for planting "sleeping" planting material - seedlings and cuttings. The best time to land is mid-October. Exact dates vary depending on climate and weather. The disadvantage of autumn planting is the risk of frost damage to the seedlings. To prevent this from happening, young plantings must be sheltered.
Experienced growers and gardeners, planting seedlings, are guided by the lunar calendar. In 2019, the favorable days for planting are as follows:
- March - 2, 3, 8-13, 16, 23-25;
- April - 2, 3, 7-13, 17, 22-24;
- September - 2-8, 12, 17-19, 30.
Proper care
Caring for the Talisman consists of standard activities - nothing special is required for this variety. Unless you need to consider the large size of the bushes when pruning. Plantings are regularly watered, loosened, weeds removed, mulch the soil, fed, trimmed, if necessary - covered for the winter.
Top dressing
The mascot needs regular feeding - powerful bushes with large clusters consume a lot of nutrients during the growing season. From spring to winter, 5 top dressings under the root and two foliar top dressings are performed.
Grape top dressing schedule:
Top dressing | Period | What are they feeding? | Feeding purpose |
First root | 1-2 weeks before flowering | For 1 square. m make nitrofosk - 40-50 g. | Pollination improves, clusters grow larger. |
First foliar | 2-3 days before flowering | Boric acid (10-20 g), copper sulfate (2-3 g), iron sulfate (2-3 g) are diluted in a bucket of water. The composition is mixed with fungicides. | Pollination improves, the ovaries are showered less. |
Second root | 2 weeks after flowering | For 1 square. m make nitrofosk - 30-60 g. | Maintaining intensive growth of shoots and berries. |
Second root | during the formation of small berries | For 1 square. m make urea - 30-40 g, vitriol - 10-15 g, potassium permanganate - 1 g, citric acid - 20 g | Prevention of chlorosis and paralysis of ridges. |
Third root | 1-2 weeks before cleaning | Superphosphate - 20 g, potassium salt - 15 g, calimagnesia - 1 tbsp. l | Prevention of cracking of fruits, improvement of their taste. Speeds up ripening. |
Fourth root | before ripening | Infusion of ash with micronutrient fertilizers (1-2 tablets) - per bucket of water. | Prevention of gray rot, improving the taste of berries. |
Fifth root | after cleaning | Potassium sulfate - 20-30 g, superphosphate - 30-40 g. | Improving the ripening of shoots. |
Pruning
Pruning is the most difficult agronomic measure in grape care. Winegrowers learn this art during practical work. Trimming Frequency:
- Spring. Begin before the start of sap flow. Cut off dead and damaged shoots during the winter. Read more about spring pruning grapes here.
- Summer. Pruning aimed at forming a bush lasts all summer. Young shoots, excess on the bush, as well as stepsons growing in the axils of the leaves are promptly removed.
- Fall. After the leaves fall, when the structure of the bush is clearly visible, the main pruning is carried out. At the Talisman, the shoots are shortened to 7 eyes. There should be enough left on the bush so that there are no more than 32 buds in total.
In autumn, shoots are removed from the trellises, tied into bunches and, spread out on the ground, covered with spruce branches. In the northern regions, slate or roofing material is laid on top of the spruce branches. Shelter is cleaned early in spring - in March.
Diseases and Pests
The talisman is quite resistant to the main diseases of grapes. It is very rarely affected by such common diseases as gray and white rot, oidium, anthracnose, mildew. If preventive spraying is carried out on time, then this variety will not have problems.
It is recommended to carry out preventive spraying in early spring - a solution of iron sulfate. This is a reliable protection against fungal infections. There are diseases and insects to which the Talisman does not have sufficient immunity - if it was not possible to prevent them, it is necessary to take therapeutic measures.
Mascot Pest and Disease Control Measures:
Pests / Diseases | Symptoms / Harm | What to do? |
Black spotting | Black dots appear on the leaves, and then on the shoots. This is a fungal disease. | After leaf fall - spraying with copper sulfate 3%. In the phase of 3-5 leaves, bud blooming and in the phase of “small pea” - treatment with fungicides, for example Quadris. |
Phylloxera | Aphids 1-1.5 mm in size. It affects all parts of the plant. | Quarantine endurance during landing. Processing by Karbofos, Confidor, etc. |
Spider mite | Arachnids up to 0.5 mm in size. Parasitize on the leaves - they turn yellow, blush and die. | Processing by Akarin, Actellik. Destruction of infected shoots. |
A separate danger to the crop is wasps - they are able to spoil all clusters. Mascot berries are attractive to wasps because of their high sugar content. If there are few insects, then sweet water with the addition of poison is placed near the bushes. With a strong invasion of wasps, it is necessary to wear a protective net for each bunch.
Breeding methods
The variety is propagated by seedlings, cuttings, branches. The most popular option is planting seedlings. It provides the fastest possible growth of plants and a quick harvest. The probability of survival of seedlings is several times higher than that of layering and cuttings.
Pollination secrets
For the Talisman to bear fruit successfully, winegrowers need to take care of the quality pollination of its flowers. Pollination Tips:
- Nearby grape planting planted varieties with bisexual flowers, and with flowering periods similar to the Talisman. Recommended grape varieties - Odessa souvenir, Isabella and others.
- Before flowering begins, plantings are treated with preparations containing zinc and boron - “Ovary”, “BoroPlus” and others.
- It is useful to spray the bushes during flowering with “Gederelin” (50 ml per 1 liter). Processing interferes with the shedding of the ovaries and promotes the ripening of seedless fruits.
Berry application
The berries of the Talisman are beautiful and tasty, there are few seeds in them, and even those are small. And most importantly, the fruits of this variety are very sweet - they contain up to 23% sucrose.
The mascot is universal, it is suitable for any purpose. Its berries are used for:
- fresh use;
- cooking wine;
- culinary purposes - the fruits are added to the salad, snacks, etc .;
- preservation - make various preparations, add to marinades.
Reviews about the variety Talisman
Victor I., Voronezh region The mascot surprised me with its immunity. Somehow, in neighboring areas, all the grapes fell from mildew - there were no bunches or leaves. And my old, half-abandoned Talisman bushes growing in partial shade of cherries brought several bunches that year, and looked great. Another point - even in rainy and wet summers, berries ripen sweet.
Raisa P., Moscow Region. The variety is excellent - not painful, fruitful, light green berries are very sweet. One minus - pollinators are needed, and this is an extra care. But if you take grapes seriously, this is a little concern. The clusters grow large, the berries are crooked, appetizing - the crop is marketed without any problems.
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The mascot, despite some decline in popularity, remains popular - its unpretentiousness, productivity and marketability of fruits invariably attract gardeners and farmers. The variety is universal both in application and in relation to climate - it can be grown even in the northern regions.
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